The efficiency and lifespan of a PV module are affected by several design and environmental factors. The type of solar cells, the quality of materials used, and the module’s exposure to sunlight and temperature fluctuations all play roles in long-term performance.

Monocrystalline and polycrystalline cells are two common types found in PV modules. Monocrystalline cells typically offer higher efficiency under limited space, while polycrystalline cells provide a cost-effective option for larger installations. Modules must also be protected against potential degradation caused by UV radiation, moisture, and thermal cycles.

Proper installation, including correct tilt angle and orientation, ensures maximum exposure to sunlight. Regular maintenance, such as cleaning the glass surface and checking electrical connections, helps preserve energy output over time.

By understanding these factors, users can make informed choices when selecting and maintaining PV modules, supporting dependable solar energy use over extended periods.